Hydrodynamics in Mobile Bay: The complex interactions of tides, river discharge, and wind can make predicting salinity changes, currents, and physical interactions in estuaries difficult. Theoretical approaches are continually being refined in light of new data based on how to best simplify, parameterize, and understand estuarine physical dynamics. Long-term data sets provide significant insight into these complex interactions through a wide range of time series analysis methods. In Mobile Bay, river discharge is the main forcing condition driving seasonal changes in salinity flux and estuary length. At shorter time scales, the wind can be a dominant forcing condition that drives large changes in this estuary. Dissolved Oxygen mixing: Dissolved oxygen dynamics in the water column can be highly variable due to a number of physical and bio-chemical drivers. Improving our measurement capabilities of these drivers is critical to better understanding anthropogenic changes in our oceans. One of the components of the oxygen budget is the benthic flux, where oxygen is exchanged across the seafloor. Multiple methods can be used to quantify this flux but each has advantages, and weakness and understanding bottom boundary layer dynamics is key to improving how we sample oxygen at this boundary. Hurricanes: A quick look at two hurricane studies provides insight for: challenges measuring changes in the coastal zone and thinking about climate change and future storms.