Publications
“Imaging in Various Regions of the EM Spectrum for Mapping the National Shoreline”, GeoTech. Silver Springs, MD, USA, 2007.
, “Measuring Ambient Ocean Bubble Fields Uusing a Multibeam Sonar”, Acoustical Society of America (ASA). Austin, TX, USA, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “Reevaluating Stereo and Motion Cues for Visualizing Graphs in Three Dimensions”, ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization (APGV). Coruna, Coruna, Spain, pp. 51-58, 2005.
, “State of the Art in Swath Bathymetry Survey Systems (in French)”, International Hydrographic Review, vol. 65. Geomatics Information & Trading Center - GITC, Lemmers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 0-0, 1988.
, “3-D Spatial Sampling with a Cylindrical Multibeam Sonar Array, Final Report on Bathymetry and Co-registered Backscatter Extraction from the Volume Search Sonar of the AQS-20 Mine Countermeasure System”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2005.
, “Improvements to the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean: Updating the database and the grid model”, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol. 84. American Geophysical Union , Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 0-0, 2001.
“3D Geovisualization and the Structure of Visual Space”, in Exploring Geovisualization, no. J. Dykes, A.M. MacEachren & M.J. Kraak, New York, NY, USA: Elsevier, 2002, pp. 555-564.
, “ECDIS and Its Role in e-Navigation: The Promise and Reality”, eNavigation Conference. Seattle, WA, USA, 2010.
, “Ground-truthing benthic habitat characteristics using video mosaic images: Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing”, American Fisheries Society Symposium, vol. 41. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA, pp. 171-179, 2005.
, “Paleointensity Confirms cm-scale Sedimentation Rates and Suggests Intervals with Non-uniform Deposition on the Lomonosov Ridge, Central Arctic Ocean”, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union , vol. 83. San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2002.
, “Measurements of ambient bubble populations with a multibeam sonar”, Acoustical Society of America (ASA). St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2002.
, “UNCLOS Mapping of Marianas Western Margin, Technical Report”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2006.
, “On the Estimation of Errors in Sparse Geophysical Datasets”, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 107. American Geophysical Union , Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 14-14, 2002.
, “Southeast Australia: A Cenozoic Continental Margin Dominated by Mass Transport”, in Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, vol. 28, no. Mosher, Shipp, Moscardelli, Chaytor, Baxtor, Lee & Urgeles, New York, NY, USA: Springer Science, 2010, pp. 491-502.
, “Electronic Charts: A Real-time GIS for Vessel Navigation”, GIS Professional. PV Publications Ltd, pp. 20-22, 2006.
, “Automated Generation of Geo-referenced Mosaics from Video Data Collected by Deep Submergence Vehicles: Preliminary Results”, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union . San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “New Paradigms for Hydrographic Data Processing and Products”, International Conference on High-Resolution Survey in Shallow Water (HRSSW). St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “Seafloor Characterization Through the Application of AVO Analysis to Multibeam Sonar Data”, University of Bath Boundary Influences in High Frequency Shallow Water Acoustics. Bath, UK, UK, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “Right Whale AIS Project (RAP): Acoustic Detections in the Boston Approaches”, Inland Navigation Technology. Vicksburg, MS, USA, 2009.
, “Illusory Contours Can Arise in Dot Figures”, Perception, vol. 7. Pion Ltd, pp. 191-194, 1978.
, “Precise Distributed Timekeeping in Hydrographic Survey”, Systems Professional Surveyor Magazine, vol. 29. Flatdog Media Inc., Frederick, MD, USA, 2009.
, “PHB Evaluation Report on CUBE/Navigation Surface, Snow Passage, Memo for NOS”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2004.
, “Quality Assurance of Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Products for Shoreline Mapping”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, 2007.
, “TracEd: A Remote Acoustic Seafloor Characterization System for Use with Vertical Incidence Echosounders”, IEEE Oceans. IEEE, Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 1211-1217, 2000.
, “Enhancing AIS to Improve Whale-Ship Collision Avoidance and Maritime Security”, IEEE Oceans. Biloxi, MS, USA, 2009.
, “Passive Force Feedback for Velocity Control”, ACM Computer Human Interaction (CHI). Boston, MA, USA, pp. 255-256, 1994.
, “Visual Interactive Stimuli Techniques: Exploring Data Using Behavioral Animation”, Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, vol. 15. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 161-181, 2004.
, “Mapping Benthic Habitat at Various scales in the Olympic National Marine Sanctuary, WA”, National Shellfisheries Association (NSA). New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2002.
, “Calibrated Seafloor Acoustic Backscatter Imagery with a 160 kHz Multibeam Sonar”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 116, pp. 0-2, 2004.
, “High Resolution Mapping of Mines and Ripples at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 32. IEEE, Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 133-149, 2007.
, “Going Autonomous Seafloor Mapping from an AUV, Recent Results and Challenges”, Shallow Water Survey Conference (SWS). Durham, NH, USA, 2008.
, “Surficial Geology of the Eastern Juan de Fuca Strait”, Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), 2001.
, “Optical Image Blending for Underwater Mosaics”, IEEE Oceans. Boston, MA, USA, 2006.
, “Downhole logging as a paeoceanographic tool on ocean drilling program leg 138: Interface between high-resolution stratigraphy and regional syntheses”, Paleoceanography, vol. 7. American Geophysical Union , Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 691-700, 1992.
“A Qualitative Assessment of Two Multibeam Echo Sounder (MBES) Backscatter Analysis Approach”, Canadian Hydrographic Conference (CHC). Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, p. 1, 2008.
, “Macroalgae and Eelgrass Mapping in Great Bay Estuary Using AISA Hyperspectral Imagery”, Coastal Geotools. Myrtle Beach, SC, USA, pp. 110-111, 2009.
, “Visual Thinking with Interactive Diagram”, Lecture Notes on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 5223. Springer Publisher, New York, NY, USA, pp. 118-126, 2008.
, “How to Run CUBE (with the Baseline CCOM/JHC Implementation)”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2003.
, “Marine Ship Automatic Identification System (AIS) for Enhanced Coastal Security Capabilities: An Oil Spill Tracking Application”, IEEE Oceans. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 1-9, 2007.
, “Using Visual Texture for Information Display”, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 14. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA, pp. 3-20, 1995.
, “Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) Challenges and Opportunities: The Cuban Experience”, GEOMATICA. Havana, Havana, Cuba, 2009.
, “Sidescan Sonar Image Enchancement Using a Decomposition Based on Orthogonal Functions. Applications with Chebyshev Polynomials”, IEEE Oceans. St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 942-947, 1991.
, “Daily Surface Currents from Argus Video at Benson Beach, WA”, U.S. Army, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2009.
, “Automated Segmentation of Seafloor Bathymetry from Multibeam Echosounder Data Using Local Fourier Histogram Texture Features”, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 285. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 355-370, 2003.
, “Seafloor Habitat Mapping: Considering Techniques for Expansion of Spatial Scales”, Workshop on Deep-Seabed Survey Technologies. Bergen, Bergen, Norway, pp. 0-0, 2001.
, “Progress in Coastal Processes Research in Ghana”, Ocean Sciences Meeting. Portland, OR, USA, pp. 1-1, 2010.
, “Remote estimation of surficial seafloor properties through the application Angular Range Analysis to multibeam sonar data”, Marine Geophysical Researches, vol. 28. Springer Publisher, New York, NY, USA, pp. 119-126, 2007.
, “The impacts of a non-accepted boundary claim: Russia’s frontier in the Arctic Ocean”, Association of American Geographers (AAG). Boston, MA, USA, 2008.
, “A study of Haptic Linear and Pie Menus in a 3D Fish Tank VR Environment”, International Symposium on Haptics Interfaces for Virtual Environments and Teleoperator Systems (HAPTICS). Chicago, IL, USA, pp. 224-231, 2004.
, “More than the Bottom: Multibeam Sonars and Water-column Imaging”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 1-1, 2010.
, “Concurrent optical and acoustic scattering measurements in bubble clouds”, Underwater Acoustic Measurements: Technologies & Results (UAM). Heraklion, Crete, Greece, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “Using the Bat: A Six Dimensional Mouse for Object Placement”, IEEE Computer Graphics and Application. IEEE, Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 65-70, 1988.
, “European North American-Russian Federation Inland ENC Harmonization Group”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). Norfolk, VA, USA, 2007.
, “WASSP Sea Trials”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2005.
, “Layout for Visualizing Large Software Structures in 3D”, Interanational Conference on Visual Information Systems (VISUAL). San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 215-223, 1997.
, “CO2 Gas Exchange and Ocean Acidification Studies in the Coastal Gulf of Maine”, IEEE Oceans. Seattle, WA, USA, 2010.
, “An Integrated Bathymetric and Topographic Digital Terrain Model of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago”, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union , vol. 83. San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2002.
, “Differential Phase Estimation with the SeaMARC II Bathymetric Sidescan Sonar System”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 17. IEEE, Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 239-251, 1992.
, “Marine Technology Advances to Reduce Incidence of Whale Ship Strikes”, IEEE Oceans. Kobe, Kobe, Japan, 2008.
, “Contour Perception and Components of the Visual Array”, Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers. Rochester, NY, USA, 1977.
, “Nippon Foundation/GEBCO Training Project at the University of New Hampshire 4/2004 - 8/2005”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2006.
, “Robust Automatic Multi-beam Bathymetric Processing”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). Norfolk, VA, USA, pp. 0-20, 2001.
, “Fred Fisher's high pressure work with eyewash and epsom salts”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 120. Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY, USA, pp. 3299-3299, 2006.
, “The Integrated Seafloor: Efficient Multi Sensor Processing and Visualization Techniques for Seafloor Mapping Data”, International Hydrographic Conference (HYDRO). Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “Adapting CUBE for Phase Measuring Bathymetric Sonars”, International Conference on High-Resolution Survey in Shallow Water (HRSSW). Plymouth, Devon, UK, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “Discovery of Marine Datasets and Geospatial Metadata Visualization”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, 2009.
, “Subjective Contours Independent of Subjective Brightness”, Perception and Psychophysics, vol. 29. Psychonomic Society, pp. 500-504, 1981.
, “Improved Approach to LIDAR Airport Obstruction Surveying Using Full-Waveform Data”, Journal of Surveying Engineering, vol. 135. Amercian Society of Civil Engineers , Reston, VA, USA, pp. 72-82, 2009.
, “Visualizing the Geology of Lake Trout Spawning Sites: Northern Lake Michigan”, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2004.
, “Morphology and processes in Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada)”, Geological Society of America Bulletin (GSAB), vol. 112. The Geological Society of America (GSA), pp. 736-746, 2000.
, “Sea Ice Coverage as an IHO S-57 Marine Information Overlay (MIO)”, CARIS. Miami, FL, USA, 2010.
, “Aplicação de geoprocessamento, processamento digital de imagens e fotogrametria terrestre no rastreamento litofaciológico de afloramentos (Use of geoprocessing, digital image processing and terrestrial photogrametry for tracing lithof”, Brazilian Symposium of Quantification on Geosciences (BSQG). Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil, pp. 0-0, 1995.
, “Drowned barrier-island complexes and shelf-edge deltas on the northwest Florida outer continental self”, Geomorphology, vol. 64. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 133-166, 2004.
, “Discovery of an Active Submarine Mud Volcano Along the Nootka Fault West of Vancouver Island”, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union , vol. 82. San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2001.
, “A Reappraisal of Deepwater Reefs Along the NW Florida Outer Continental Shelf”, UC Santa Cruz Marine Sciences Seminar . St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2002.
, “High Resolution Mapping and Backscatter Studies in Support of the Ripples Program”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 120, pp. 3180-3180, 2006.
, “The Marine Geology off Southern California”, Geological Society of America (GSA). St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2004.
, “Application of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) Digital Atlas in the Delineation of Continental Shelves Under Article 76”, Journal of Ocean Technology, vol. 3. Journal of Ocean Technology (JOT), pp. 24-29, 2008.
, “SHARED Project: Extension to Caribbean - Gulf of Mexico Region”, NH Sea Grant College, 2002.
, “Detection of Bottom Fishing Impacts on Benthic Structure Using Multibeam Sonar, Side Scan Sonar, Video and Interactive 3-D GIS”, GIS Conference. Cambridge, MA, USA, 2006.
, “Data Fusion - Hyperspectral, Topo Lidar and High-Resolution Imagery”, Joint Airborne LIDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise Coastal Mapping and Charting Workshop (JALBTCX). St. Petersburg Beach, FL, USA, 2004.
, “Using Moored Arrays and Hyperspectral Aerial Imagery to Develop Eelgrass-based Nutrient Criteria for New Hampshire's Great Bay Estuary”, Coastal Geotools. Myrtle Beach, SC, USA, pp. 60-61, 2009.
, “How to Run CUBE (Server Processing Installation)”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2003.
, “Acoustic positioning and tracking in Portsmouth Harbour, New Hampshire”, IEEE Oceans. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2007.
, “Multimedia Output Devices and Techniques”, ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 28. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA, pp. 181-183, 1996.
, “e-Navigation: Challenges and Opportunities”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). Norfolk, VA, USA, 2009.
, “Ocean Mapping Initiatives in Canada”, Canadian Hydrographic Conference (CHC). Rimouski, Quebec, Canada, pp. 1-7, 1991.
, “A Proposal to Completely Chart the World's Oceans”, National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), Ocean Research and Resources Advisory Panel (ORRAP), 2009.
, “Diagramming Information Structures Using 3D Perceptual Primitives”, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (CHI), vol. 10. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA, pp. 1-19, 2003.
, “Interactive 3D visualization and analysis of multi-sensor, multi-relolution data sets”, International Conference on High-Resolution Survey in Shallow Water (HRSSW). Portsmouth, NH, USA, 2001.
, “A Global Characterization of Physical Segmentation along Oceanic Transform Faults”, Southern California Earthquake Center. Palm Springs, CA, USA, pp. 293-293, 2010.
, “Acoustic Propagation in Bubble Clouds Exhibiting Spatial Structure in the Fluctuating Number Density”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 32. IEEE, Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 513-523, 2007.
, “Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Products for Shoreline Mapping”, Joint Airborne LIDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise Coastal Mapping and Charting Workshop (JALBTCX). San Francisco, CA, USA, 2008.
, “Integrated Navigation System: Not a Sum of Its Parts”, Canadian Hydrographic Conference (CHC). St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2004.
, “Physical Properties and Age of Mid-slope Sediments Dredged from the Eastern Australian Continental Margin--Implication for Continental Margin Erosional Processes”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 1-1, 2010.
, “Observations of a geoclutter feature in the straits of Sicily”, Acoustical Society of America (ASA). St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “Using Color Dimensions to Display Data Dimensions”, ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 30. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA, pp. 127-142, 1988.
, “Proposed AIS Binary Message Format Using XML for Providing Hydrographic-related Information”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). Norfolk, VA, USA, 2007.
, “Shoals Lidar Waveform Characterization and Bottom Classification: Final Report”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2005.
, “3-D visualization for pelagic fisheries assessment and research”, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol. 59. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 216-225, 2001.
, “High Resolution Side-Scan and Seismic Images of Landslides on the Northern California Continental Shelf”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 1998.
, “Bathymetry and Physiography of the Arctic Ocean and Its Constituent Seas”, in Arctic Ocean Organic Carbon Cycle: Present and Past, no. R. Stein & R.W. Macdonald, New York, NY, USA: Springer Publisher, 2003.
, “A Marine GIS for the Oceania Region (MARGO); An Exploratory Project”, GEBCO Bathymetric Sciences Day. Lima, Peru, Peru, 2010.
, “A 60 k.y. record of extension across the western boundary of the Basin and Range Province: Estimate of slip-rates from offset shoreline terraces and a catastrophic slide beneath Lake Tahoe”, Geology, vol. 33. The Geological Society of America (GSA), pp. 365-368, 2005.
, “Lost in Iceland? Fracture Zone Complications Along the mid-Atlantic Plate Boundary”, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union , vol. 84. San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “Harmonization of European and North American Inland ECDIS Standards”, International ECDIS Conference. Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “Simple Animation as a Human Interrupt”, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 4. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 341-348, 1992.
, “Use of Portable Piloting Units (PPUs) by Maritime Pilots: Study Findings and Implications”, American Pilot's Association Biennial Convention. Kauai, HI, USA, 2008.
, “Choosing a Colour Sequence for Univariate Maps”, IEEE Conference on Systems, Man & Cybernetics. New York, NY, USA, pp. 41-45, 1986.
, “The Navigation Surface: A New Database Approach to Creating Multiple Products from High-Density Surveys”, International Hydrographic Review, vol. 3. Geomatics Information & Trading Center - GITC, Lemmers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 12-16, 2002.
, “Field Evaluation of Sounding Accuracy in Deep Water Multibeam Swath Bathymetry”, IEEE Oceans, vol. 3. Honolulu, HI, USA, pp. 1761-1765, 2001.
, “A Process for Producing Ice Coverage Marine Information Objects (MIOs) in IHO S-57 Format”, International Hydrographic Review, vol. 7. Geomatics Information & Trading Center - GITC, Lemmers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 55-63, 2006.
, “Effects of the Western Gulf of Maine Closure Area on Bottom Habitats: A Preliminary GIS-based Assessment”, GIS Conference. Cambridge, MA, USA, 2006.
, “Insitu Measurement of Sediment Acoustic Properties”, International Conference for Underwater Acoustic Measurements (ICUAM). Heraklion, Crete, Greece, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “Minimizing Vessel Strikes to Endangered Whales: A Crash Course in Conservation Science and Policy”, Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, 2009.
, “Human Axial Chromatic Aberration Found Not to Decline with Age, Graefes Archiv”, Ophthalmologie: Journal of The American Academy of Ophthalmology, vol. 218. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 39-41, 1982.
, “Los Angeles and San Diego Margin High-resolution Multibeam Bathymetry and Backscatter Data”, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2004.
, “Status Report on International Inland ENC Developmnet and Standardization”, The Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM). St. Petersburg Beach, FL, USA, 2007.
, “Africa Partnership Station: Developing Coastal Processes Research in Ghana”, Office of Naval Reasearch (ONR)
, 2010.
, “Establishing a Regional AIS Application Specific Message Register”, International Association of Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA-AISM). Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 2010.
, “Dynamic Stereo Displays”, ACM Computer Human Interaction (CHI). Denver, CO, USA, pp. 311-316, 1995.
, “Multibeam Error Management: New Data Processing Trends in Hydrography”, Hydro International, vol. 8. Geomatics Information & Trading Center - GITC, Lemmers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 6-9, 2004.
, “Variable Bandwidth Filter for Multibeam Echosounding Bottom Detection”, IEEE Oceans. Kobe, Kobe, Japan, pp. 1154-1158, 2004.
, “A Proposal to Complete Mapping of the World Ocean Floors”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, 2008.
, “High-precision, High-accuracy Timekeeping in Distributed Survey Systems”, International Hydrographic Review, vol. 9. Geomatics Information & Trading Center - GITC, Lemmers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 9-24, 2008.
, “Bathymetry and Acoustic Backscatter of Selected Areas of the Outer Continental Shelf, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico”, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2002.
, “Deep Sea Geo-referenced Video Mosaics”, IEEE Oceans. Boston, MA, USA, 2006.
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