@article {5140,
	title = {Underwater radiated noise levels of a research icebreaker in the central Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	volume = {133},
	number = {4},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1971{\textendash}1980},
	abstract = {<p>U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy\&$\#$39;s underwater radiated noise signature was characterized in the central Arctic Ocean during different types of ice-breaking operations. Propulsion modes included transit in variable ice cover, breaking heavy ice with backing-and-ramming maneuvers, and dynamic positioning with the bow thruster in operation. Compared to open-water transit, Healy\&$\#$39;s noise signature increased approximately 10dB between 20Hz and 2Hz when breaking ice. The highest noise levels resulted while the ship was engaged in backing-and-ramming maneuvers, owing to cavitation when operating the propellers astern or in opposing directions. In frequency bands centered near 10, 50, and 100Hz, source levels reached 190-200dB re: 1 \&mu;Pa at 1 m (full octave band) during ice-breaking operations.</p>
},
	keywords = {acoustic noise, sea ice, ships, underwater sound},
	url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/133/1971/1},
	author = {Roth, Ethan H. and Val Schmidt and Hildebrand, John A. and Wiggins, Sean M.}
}
