@article {6822, title = {Observations from Controlled Experiments on the Dissolution of Free-Gas Bubbles and Hydrate-Coated Bubbles in Water}, year = {2020}, month = {February 16-21}, address = {San Diego, CA}, abstract = {

Methane is released into the ocean from the seafloor in the form of gas bubbles, which transport methane through the water column and potentially into the atmosphere. A rising methane bubble loses methane to the surrounding water via methane dissolution through the bubble surface. When methane gas bubbles are released at certain elevated pressure and reduced temperature conditions, however, they can begin to form a solid gas hydrate that coats the bubble surface. Hydrate on the bubble surface slows down the dissolution process and can extend the lifetime of the bubble within the water column. Researchers have developed mathematical models to track the fate of methane transported in rising bubbles in order to understand how much methane dissolves into the water column as a function of depth. Tracking methane in this way is important because dissolved methane contributes to ocean acidification and reduced dissolved oxygen levels. Controlled laboratory experiments with a counter-flow device were conducted to test existing dissolution models for rising gas bubbles. The pressurized counter-flow device was used to trap gas bubbles (air or xenon) and simulate the dissolution process of free-gas and hydrate-coated gas bubbles in water. Xenon was used as a proxy for methane during this experiment because though both gases form structure I hydrate, xenon hydrate can be formed at relatively lower pressures, allowing the counter-flow device to be made of clear acrylic for multi-directional viewing of the bubble. Two high-speed, high-resolution imaging cameras arranged at 90 degrees to each other were used to obtain information on bubble sizes, shapes and shrinkage rates in order to assess dissolution model predictions for the fate of the bubbles in the ocean.

}, keywords = {Xenon; Hydrate; Gas Dissolution; Mass Transfer Coefficient}, author = {Alexandra M Padilla and William F Waite and Thomas C Weber} } @article {6493, title = {The Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE Competition Impact on the Development of Ocean Mapping Possibilities}, volume = {2018(25)}, year = {2018}, month = {December 1}, pages = {125-136}, abstract = {

The paper presents the impact that the XPRIZE Foundation competition, the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, has had on the development of current ocean mapping possibilities. A race for the prize has accelerated the development of innovative seabed mapping approaches that concentrated on new systems engineering or cutting-edge and innovative methods of existing equipment exploitation. The GEBCO-Nippon Foundation (NF) Alumni Team\&$\#$39;s entry is presented in details as a state of the art example of mature and robust ocean-mapping solution utilizing a high degree of autonomy and providing the possibilities of deep-ocean mapping that were unattainable before.

}, keywords = {GEBCO, gebco-nippon foundation, ocean mapping, seabed 2030, shell ocean discovery, xprize}, doi = {DOI: 10.1515/aon-2018-0009}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329809489_The_Shell_Ocean_Discovery_XPRIZE_competition_impact_on_the_development_of_ocean_mapping_possibilities}, author = {Karolina Zwolak and Alison Proctor and Zarayskaya, Yulia and Rochelle Wigley} } @proceedings {5467, title = {Huddler: a multi-language compiler for automatically generated format-specific data drivers}, year = {2015}, month = {March 16-19}, address = {Gaylord Hotel, National Harbor, Maryland, USA}, abstract = {

The Hydrographic Universal Data Description Language (Huddl) permits description of data organization in existing and future hydrographic data formats. Huddler represents an implementation of one of the many advantages of having such format descriptions: a compiler that automatically creates drivers for data access and manipulation.

The compiler is based on an XML parsing library that loads into memory the format description (frontend), and a code generator (backend) that creates code able to access the data in three different types of computer languages: procedural ANSI C, object-oriented C++, and multi-paradigm Python. The system is designed to admit other languages readily. The compiler is accessible via command line or a GUI application, named Hush (Huddl Schema Handler), which provides additional tools and information to the user. The compiler is here demonstrated with a variety of data formats from sonar manufacturers (e.g., Kongsberg EM Series) and acquisition software companies (e.g., HyPack) both legacy and in active development, both binary and ASCII.

Finally, a community-oriented website to access, catalogue, and disseminate hydrographic data formats resources and Huddl-specific information has been developed and is now publicly available.

}, keywords = {c, c++, data formats, huddl, huddler, python, xml}, url = {http://www.ushydro.org/2015}, author = {Brian R Calder and Giuseppe Masetti} } @article {5267, title = {Huddl for description and archive of hydrographic binary data}, year = {2014}, month = {15-17 April 2014}, address = {St. John{\textquoteright}s, NL, Canada}, abstract = {

Many of the attempts to introduce a universal hydrographic binary data format have failed or have been only partially successful. In essence, this is because such formats either have to simplify the data to such an extent that they only support the lowest common subset of all the formats covered, or they attempt to be a superset of all formats and quickly become cumbersome. Neither choice works well in practice. This paper presents a different approach: a standardized description of (past, present and future) data formats using the Extensible Markup Language (XML). That is, XML is used to provide a structural and physical description of a data format, rather than the content of a particular file.

Done correctly, this opens the possibility of automatically generating both multi-language data parsers and documentation for format specification based on their XML descriptions, as well as providing easy version control of them. This solution provides also a powerful approach for archiving data together with their structural description, so that binary data will be easy to access in the future. Intending to provide a relatively low-effort solution to catalogue the wide range of existing formats, we suggest the creation of a catalogue of format descriptions, each of them capturing the logical and physical specifications for a given data format (with its subsequent upgrades).

A C/C++ parser code generator is used as an example prototype of one of the possible advantages of the adoption of such a hydrographic data format catalogue.

}, keywords = {binary data formats, code generator, XML catalog, XML schemas}, url = {http://hydrography.ca/chc-2014-conference.html}, author = {Giuseppe Masetti and Brian R Calder} } @article {3986, title = {AIS Binary Message Format Using XML to Provide Hydrographic-related Information}, year = {2007}, month = {May 15-17}, publisher = {The Hydrographic Society of America}, address = {Norfolk, VA}, keywords = {ais, xml}, author = {Schwehr, Kurt and Alexander, Lee} }