@article {5404, title = {Long-term Seafloor Monitoring at an Open Ocean Aquaculture Site in the Western Gulf of Maine, USA: Development of an Adaptive Protocol}, volume = {88}, year = {2014}, month = {Nov. 15, 2014}, pages = {129-137}, abstract = {
The seafloor at an open ocean finfish aquaculture facility in the western Gulf of Maine, USA was monitored from 1999 to 2008 by sampling sites inside a predicted impact area modeled by oceanographic conditions and fecal and food settling characteristics, and nearby reference sites. Univariate and multivariate analyses of benthic community measures from box core samples indicated minimal or no significant differences between impact and reference areas. These findings resulted in development of an adaptive monitoring protocol involving initial low-cost methods that required more intensive and costly efforts only when negative impacts were initially indicated. The continued growth of marine aquaculture is dependent on further development of farming methods that minimize negative environmental impacts, as well as effective monitoring protocols. Adaptive monitoring protocols, such as the one described herein, coupled with mathematical modeling approaches, have the potential to provide effective protection of the environment while minimize monitoring effort and costs.
}, keywords = {adaptive monitoring, benthos, environmental impacts, Finfish cages}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14006067}, author = {Raymond E Grizzle and Larry G Ward and David W Fredriksson and Irish, James D and Richard Langan and Chris Heinig and Jennifer K Greene and Abeels, Holly A and Chris R. Peter and Alyson L Eberhardt} } @article {5505, title = {Morphologic Changes of a Heavily Developed and Modified Back-Barrier System: Hampton-Seabrook Harbor, New Hampshire}, year = {2014}, month = {October 12 -15}, address = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada}, author = {Larry G Ward and Irish, James D} } @article {5184, title = {Observations of the Vertical Structure of Tidal Currents in Two Inlets}, volume = {65, Special Issue}, year = {2013}, month = {March 6}, pages = {2029-2034}, abstract = {Observations of the vertical structure of broad band tidal currents were obtained at two energetic inlets. Each experiment took place over a 4 week period, the first at Hampton Inlet in southeastern New Hampshire, USA, in the Fall of 2011, and the second at New River Inlet in southern North Carolina, USA, in the spring of 2012. The temporal variation and vertical structure of the currents were observed at each site with 600 kHz and 1200 kHz RDI Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) deployed on low-profile bottom tripods in 7.5 and 12.5 m water depths near the entrance to Hampton Inlet, and in 8 and 9 m water depth within and outside New River Inlet, respectively. In addition, a Nortek Aquapro ADCP was mounted on a jetted pipe in about 2.5 m water depth on the flank of the each inlet channel. Flows within the Hampton/Seabrook Inlet were dominated by semi-diurnal tides ranging 2.5 - 4 m in elevation, with velocities exceeding 2.5 m/s. Flows within New River inlet were also semi-diurnal with tides ranging about 1 \– 1.5 m in elevation and with velocities exceeding 1.5 m/s. Vertical variation in the flow structure at the dominant tidal frequency are examined as a function of location within and near the inlet. Outside the inlet, velocities vary strongly over the vertical, with a nearly linear decay from the surface to near the bottom. The coherence between the upper most velocity bin and the successively vertically separated bins drops off quickly with depth, with as much as 50\% coherence decay over the water column. The phase relative to the uppermost velocity bin shifts over depth, with as much as 40 deg phase lag over the vertical, with bottom velocities leading the surface. Offshore, rotary coefficients indicate a stable ellipse orientation with rotational directions consistent over the vertical. At Hampton, the shallower ADCP, but still outside the inlet, shows a rotational structure that changes sign in the vertical indicating a sense of rotation at the bottom that is opposite to that at the surface. Within the inlet, the flow is more aligned with the channel, the decay in amplitude over the vertical is diminished, the coherence and phase structure is nearly uniform, and the rotary coefficients indicate no sense of rotation in the flow. The observations are qualitatively consistent with behavior described by Prandle (1982) for shallow water tidal flows.
}, keywords = {inlets, tidal currents, vertical structure}, doi = {10.2112/SI65-343.1}, url = {http://www.jcronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2112/SI65-343.1}, author = {Thomas C Lippmann and Irish, James D and Hunt, Jonathan} } @proceedings {5185, title = {Subtidal Flow Structure in Tidally Modulated Inlets}, volume = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {June 24 - June 2}, publisher = {ASCE}, address = {Plymouth, England, United Kingdom}, abstract = {Observations of the vertical structure of subtidal currents were obtained on the inner shelf within Hampton and New River inlets located on the eastern U.S. seaboard. Currents on the inner shelf have complex vertical variation with speeds that attenuate over the water column and rotate with increasing depth up to 180 deg, and are strongly influenced by local winds. Within the primary inlet channels, subtidal currents are directed seaward and have reduced vertical structure, do not depend on local wind forcing, and are closely aligned with bathymetric contours. However, at New
River, surface currents aligned with a secondary channel 300 m to the north are directed landward, and have stronger vertical structure with near-bottom flows often heading in the opposite direction. The observed subtidal circulation provides a means to grossly estimate fresh water discharge, and has implications to morphologic evolution in the inlet.